It is not known for certain why they were needed, but there are two main versions:
1. Figurines were used to calm women before childbirth (like medical posters and memos in doctors' offices today). But it is worth considering that the figures are made of ivory. That is, if the figures were shown to pregnant women, then they were clearly rich, and could afford the appropriate doctors.
2. The figures could be a reflection of the status of the doctor, that is, they were collectible.
The figures are dated mainly from the XVII–XVIII centuries. The torso is removed, you can see the location of the internal organs, the uterus with the fetus inside. But the organs are not detailed, that is, they are unlikely to be used as training material for future specialists.